Dr. Mohanty received her Ph.D. in Biotechnology from AIIMS in 1996. She subsequently worked as a Postdoctoral Scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA in 1998. She returned to AIIMS as a Scientist-II and was later appointed as an Assistant Professor in 2005. Dr. Mohanty has been instrumental in establishing the Stem Cell Facility at AIIMS. After taking charge of the facility in 2005, she initiated basic research using both adult and embryonic stem cells. Adult stem cell sources under her research include bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, dental pulp, hair, and skin follicles. To enhance the understanding of stem cell biology and drug discovery, she also initiated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) research at AIIMS.

Currently, she serves as Professor and Faculty-in-Charge of the cGMP Stem Cell Facility, which was recognized as a Department of Biotechnology – Centre of Excellence (DBT-CoE) by the Government of India, to strengthen basic, pre-clinical, and clinical research. With her team of researchers and students, she has successfully established the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Facility in accordance with ICMR-DBT guidelines for stem cell research, enabling the manufacture of clinical-grade stem cells for patient use.

Dr. Mohanty is engaged in cutting-edge research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tissue sources. She is actively involved in biofunctionalizing biomaterials using exosomes, amniotic fluid, and conditioned media. She is also the President of the Indian Society for Extracellular Vesicles (INSEV).